Nas 110/220/440 Part 1: Install Debian Lenny in NAS 110 BlackArmor Seagate

  The info below will void your warranty... I will not be held responsible for any damage caused to your unit.
(although rest assured, there are many who have done it and nothing bad has happened... but still you are taking chances, just take everything as I say, step by step and you will be great)
We will need PuTTY. Download it here.

1. Enable SSH on the Seagate Blackarmor 110 NAS

•  1. Download the 'unofficial' service pack (SP42) and use the manual firmware upgrade process through the web interface:
   http://www.noerenberg.de/hajo/pub/sg2000-2000.1337.sp42.img
  
  Update: You have to rename the file to match the major model number of your NAS (sg1000-1000.1337.sp42.img for the 1xx series, sg4000-4000.1337.sp42.img for the 4xx series). (rename the file to correspond your NAS!)

• 2. ssh root@<NAS-IP> with password 'atsahs' or open PuTTY and put the IP, then accept the key, then username:root and password:atsahs
  
   Make sure to change the root password as soon as possible!
  Just issue the passwd command for that to happen.

 2. Install Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.7 (Lenny) on the Blackarmor 110 NAS

 WARNING: This process completely replaces the original Seagate firmware! The SP modifies the NAND flash of your NAS. This may possibly damage your device permanently! You have been warned! Installation of the Debian/GNU Linux system is only recommended for people with (at least) basic linux administration skills.

• 1. Download my customized Debian GNU/Linux image (2 files): http://www.noerenberg.de/hajo/pub/custom-rootfs_full.tar.gz
  http://www.noerenberg.de/hajo/pub/custom-rootfs_full.tar.gz.md5
  
  Upload both files to the 'Public' share of your NAS. Do not rename the files. 

•  2. Download Hojo's unofficial 'fw upgrade' service pack (SP99) and use the manual firmware upgrade process through the web interface:
   http://www.noerenberg.de/hajo/pub/custom-sg2000-2000.1337.sp99.img
   (rename the file to 'sg1000-1000.1337.sp99.img' before uploading)
•  3. ssh root@<NAS-IP> with password 'root'
  (generally, the IP changes after Debian installation, try to scan your network for new IPs!)
  
  Notes: - The SP modifies the original Seagate preroot image (NAND flash partition 2) to fix some bugs (Seagate/Wistron guys: 'exec /sbin/init' is the correct way to start the init process). This modification should not affect the normal operation of the NAS (e.g. booting the official firmware). - The SP does not overwrite the official firmware image (NAND flash partition 4). If you insert clean harddisks into your NAS, the official firmware gets installed (make sure to completely remove the GPT partition table which is located at the *end* of the harddisk if you want to restore to factory defaults (check here how to completely erase a hdd so as to restore)).
  
   - This SP does not replace the linux kernel image and therefore does not depend on any specific hardware. It _might_ work on other Seagate BA NAS models as well.
  
   - After applying the SP, the system starts with a Debian Lenny minimal system (basic system binaries and SSH daemon only). However, you are free to install additional packages via the Debian package management system. For configuration, you'll have to use your favourite text editor. - Make sure to change the root password as soon as possible. - Run 'apt-get update' before installing any new packages. Otherwise you'll get weird errors about missing dependencies. - Suggested additional Debian packages:
  nfs-kernel-server samba vsftpd iscsitarget
  
  And add this line to (nano /etc/apt/sources.list) your list of sources.
  deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ lenny contrib main non-free 

 - Do not *upgrade* the Debian system. The linux kernel image (NAND partition 4) is compatible with Debian Lenny. The latest Debian versions (Sqeeze ...) require an updated kernel udev subsystem and therefore you would have to update the kernel image first. As of now, nobody has done this laborious work (forward port Seagates h/w-specific patches, compile and test the kernel) - This modification has been tested on a BA220 with fw 2000.0631. Update: It works on the BA420 (reported by lnxmnky) Update: It works on the BA110 (reported by tuxmania) Update: It works on the BA440 (reported by Isaac_X)

For security reasons, just
    nano /etc/hosts.allow
and add this line
    sshd: 192.168.1.
While in
     nano /etc/hosts.deny
just add this one
     sshd: ALL

This will deny any connection in the sshd other than that of your own network.

3. Mount data partition (mount /dev/md3 /media/Data/Public) or even better edit nano /etc/fstab to do this in each boot:

• mkdir /media/Data 
• nano /etc/fstab
  /dev/md3   /media/Data   ext3   defaults   0   2
  #( change last 2 to 0 if you don't want to check the disk)
• reboot
  #(for changes to take effect)

If you want to mount the USB drive as well, then, do it from webmin... I still haven't found a way to automount any given /dev/sdb1 (for the NAS) to /media/USB dynamically.

• mkdir /media/USB
• nano /etc/fstab
  /dev/sdb1   /media/USB   ufsd   rw,noauto,user,sync 0   0
  
  #/dev/sdb1 is for 1Tb NAS110, be extra careful because it could be /dev/sdc or sdd and you could be messing with the system there. An fdisk -l command will help you find the right disk.

Hojo says here that we have ufsd so I am using that instead of anything else (such as auto),

debian-armel:~# modprobe ufsd debian-armel:~# dmesg | tail -n5 ufsd: module license 'Commercial product' taints kernel. ufsd: driver loaded at bf013000 built on Jun 5 2009 15:42:37 UFSD version 7.04 (Jun 5 2009, 15:37:57) NTFS read/write support included $Id: ufsdvfs.c,v 1.207.4.1 2009/05/14 14:37:07 shura Exp $ (LBD=ON) debian-armel:~# I've never tried to mount an NTFS-filesystem, but 'mount -t ufsd ...' should do the work.

For example I have put in /etc/rc.local these (although some would argue that modprobe should go to /etc/modules and mount should go to /etc/fstab... but since it works...):
modprobe ufsd
mount -t ufsd /dev/sdb1 /media/USB

4. Install webmin
Now that you have your working Debian (at least you think you do) the NAS will reboot. Wait for a minute, then ssh to your NAS (through PuTTY or your terminal: ssh root@192.168.1.x) while searching your router for newly acquired IP addresses (i.e. mine was the one with mac 00:10:75:23:4f:a8).

• First of all download webmin from here: wget http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12575855/webmin_1.570_all.deb
• aptitude install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libpam-runtime libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions python 
• (I assume you have installed "aptitude install  nfs-kernel-server samba vsftpd iscsitarget) 
• dpkg --install webmin_1.570_all.deb
• Now your webmin will be at an IP given by your router (check your router for newly acquired IPs) with the port 10000 or 20000. So, I opened Chrome and put in the address bar 192.168.1.66:10000

• Go to Networking > Network configuration and change that to your needs (I put a static IP as I wanted to map the smb drive and in routing and gateways I added my router's IP/gateway and egiga0 as the interface). Be extra careful as this way things get messy, and you can end up not able to connect to your NAS
• In  Samba Servers' main page (otherwise check "refresh modules"), go to users and passwords and create a user to have access to the shares you wish to share. 
• Next go to Servers >Samba servers and add a share (let;s say /media/Data/Public, but that should come after step 4). Put it so that it will be available to anyone. Go to "security and access control and make sure it is writable>Yes and allow guest access. You can play with those later on. Next to file permissions and folder permissions put 777.

Go back and push the button that says "restart samba servers"

5.  We have to make the disk spin down and become energy friendly. Otherwise the drive is going to heat up much more that we want it to.
Edit: I don;t use it anymore, neither does gfg123 (see here why)
Intsructions from gfg123:

• Downloaded latest Firmware from Seagate Website
• Use the instructions on this document to convert the .img into a .tgz archive (just fire up a terminal and 

  tar tvzf sg2000-2000.0631.img.tgz

  ) then open up the tar file in Ubuntu or wherever else you want
• Extracted the tgz file, extracted the included "rootfs" again, copied /usr/sbin/sendidle from this tgz to my NAS(let's put it in /media/Public and then
  cp /media/Public/sendidle /home/)
• Added the following line to /etc/rc.local (Commands here are executed at Boot Time) : "cp /home/sendidle /lib/init/rw/;/lib/init/rw/sendidle -t 120 -s /dev/sda" before "exit 0"

Important. /home/sendidle is my example Path, should be the path to the copied sendidle binary, /lib/init/rw is a filesystem with tmpfs (Stored in RAM,not on disk) , I had to use this because if the file would be on disk again, it resulted in an endless spin-up-and-down loop for me,I think because the file for setting the disk to standby/spindown would be on the disk itself so it has to be copied into ram.

The Number 120 means 10 Minutes of idle time and then turn off the disk.
Another Note: If you have stuff like SMB (Windows Shares) running on your server, it can cause the disk to "wake up" suddenly , I think windows connects to the SMB when you press on the Network link in Windows Explorer etc, so you might use the SFTP Server included with Debian to transfer your files.

I am not sure if its legal to upload the "sendidle" binary here so I will not do it, getting it took me hours to set off a linux VM, find the right files,extract them, copy from VM to NAS etc. 

6. A file manager will come handy when you want to move/rename/copy files i.e. when using a USB to copy files from or to (don;t forget that all you need to issue is a "mount -t ufsd /dev/sdb1 /media/USB"). So, I would suggest to install media commander.

aptitude install mc

 I prefer not to use mc, instead I open filezilla or in my nautilus file manager (linux guys) I enter the IP of my NAS ftp://root@Ip.NAS and then connect remotely to our NAS. Don't forget to

nano /etc/ftpusers

and comment the root user, so as to be able to connect. Also

nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

and uncomment  "local_enable=YES".

7. If you want to pull the drive and put in linux, please comment below as to how this can be done.

8. Logs are taking too much space... so disable them?  You won;t need them anyway. Besides, with logs enabled, spindown of the disk can't happen. Enter to your webmin https site, System>System Logs and disable every single one of them.  I have disabled almost everything and most importantly everything with mail and syslog.

9. Want to make a backup? Then issue:

dd if=/dev/md0 bs=4096 conv=noerror,sync | gzip -c -9 > /media/Data/Public/backup.gz

and to restore from a backup

 gunzip -c  /media/Data/Public/backup.gz | dd of=/dev/md0 bs=4096

Tips:

• You can always check your free space with "df -h" and remove the cached deb files isuing the apt-get clean and autoclean and autoremove commands. 
• You can also check your CPU usage with "top". 
• In case you are running out of space, use  "du -sk * | sort -n > /media/Data/Public/sizes_$(date +%Y%m%d).rtf" and watch in Public for a file to see the sizes of your system folders or "du -k /" for a complete list (I use  du -k /var). You may need "reboot" or even "shutdown -h -P now" from time to time...
• Download smartmontools to check with "smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Power"  your statistics for the drive. 

Sources: here, Info from here:http://www.noerenberg.de/hajo/pub/seagate-blackarmor-nas.txt